
Bronnenlijst van SYNCE sport supplementen
Hier vind je per formule alle wetenschappelijke onderzoeken waarop we onze ingrediëntenkeuzes, doseringen en OZ-score baseren. Alles is controleerbaar en wordt bijgewerkt zodra nieuw en sterk bewijs daar aanleiding voor geeft.
INLEIDING
- Deze formule is gebaseerd op meer dan 106 onderzoeken die gebruikt zijn om te leren over hoe bepaalde ingrediënten werken, wat potentiële doseringen en ingrediënten acuut of mogelijk mechanistisch kunnen betekenen, met oog op welke effecten en mechanismes belangrijk zijn voor een effectieve training en de post-training periode; bijvoorbeeld de kans op een crash of onprettige ervaring zo klein mogelijk maken.
L-CITRULLINE, MALAAT (APPELZUUR) & L-CITRULLINE MALAAT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34134794/ Valaei, Kosar et al. “Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomized controlled trial.” The British journal of nutrition, 1-23. 17 Jun. 2021, doi:10.1017/S0007114521002178
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28940638/ Gonzales, Joaquin U et al. “Does l-citrulline supplementation improve exercise blood flow in older adults?.” Experimental physiology vol. 102,12 (2017): 1661-1671. doi:10.1113/EP086587
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21908948/ Takeda, Kohei et al. “Effects of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice.” Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology vol. 57,3 (2011): 246-50. doi:10.3177/jnsv.57.246
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28664349/ Kiyici, Fatih et al. “The Effect of Citrulline/Malate on Blood Lactate Levels in Intensive Exercise.” Biochemical genetics vol. 55,5-6 (2017): 387-394. doi:10.1007/s10528-017-9807-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26808848/ Cunniffe, Brian et al. “Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation and High-Intensity Cycling Performance.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 30,9 (2016): 2638-47. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001338
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39408204/ Devrim-Lanpir, Asli et al. “Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study.” Nutrients vol. 16,19 3235. 24 Sep. 2024, doi:10.3390/nu16193235
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145119/ Bendahan, D et al. “Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.” British journal of sports medicine vol. 36,4 (2002): 282-9. doi:10.1136/bjsm.36.4.282
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26658899/ Glenn, Jordan M et al. “Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.” European journal of nutrition vol. 56,2 (2017): 775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34010809/ Vårvik, Fredrik Tonstad et al. “Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 31,4 (2021): 350-358. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0295
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín, and Philip M Jakeman. “Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 24,5 (2010): 1215-22. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33308806/ Rhim, Hye Chang et al. “Effect of citrulline on post-exercise rating of perceived exertion, muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of sport and health science vol. 9,6 (2020): 553-561. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.003
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25674699/ Wax, Benjamin et al. “Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.” Journal of dietary supplements vol. 13,3 (2016): 269-82. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008615
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27017895/ Glenn, Jordan M et al. “Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.” European journal of sport science vol. 16,8 (2016): 1095-103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10793157/ Anderson, J E. “A role for nitric oxide in muscle repair: nitric oxide-mediated activation of muscle satellite cells.” Molecular biology of the cell vol. 11,5 (2000): 1859-74. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.5.1859
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553034/ Campos, Helton O et al. “Nitrate supplementation improves physical performance specifically in non-athletes during prolonged open-ended tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” The British journal of nutrition vol. 119,6 (2018): 636-657. doi:10.1017/S0007114518000132
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749691/ Figueroa, Arturo et al. “Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance.” Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care vol. 20,1 (2017): 92-98. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ Schwedhelm, Edzard et al. “Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism.” British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 65,1 (2008): 51-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38874989/ Faria, Vinicius S, and Brendan Egan. “Effects of 3 days of citrulline malate supplementation on short-duration repeated sprint running performance in male team sport athletes.” European journal of sport science vol. 24,6 (2024): 758-765. doi:10.1002/ejsc.12090
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34319940/ Gills, Joshua L et al. “Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation Increases Total Work in Short Lower-Body Isokinetic Tasks for Recreationally Active Females During Menstruation.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 37,6 (2023): 1225-1230. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000004095
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16368075/ McKenna MC, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, Sonnewald U. “Neuronal and astrocytic shuttle mechanisms for cytosolic-mitochondrial transfer of reducing equivalents: current evidence and pharmacological tools.” Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71(4):399-407. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.011
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3491492/ Schantz PG, Sjöberg B, Svedenhag J. “Malate-aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzyme levels in human skeletal muscle: methodological considerations and effect of endurance training.” Acta Physiol Scand. 1986;128(3):397-407. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07993.x
BETA-ALANINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27377257/ Berti Zanella, Priscila et al. “Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance and muscle fatigue in athletes and non-athletes of different sports: a systematic review.” The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness vol. 57,9 (2017): 1132-1141. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06582-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29905904/ Bassinello, Diogo et al. “Beta-alanine supplementation improves isometric, but not isotonic or isokinetic strength endurance in recreationally strength-trained young men.” Amino acids vol. 51,1 (2019): 27-37. doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2593-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23630039/ Ducker, Kagan J et al. “Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on 800-m running performance.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 23,6 (2013): 554-61. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.6.554
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23630052/ Howe, Samuel T et al. “The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 23,6 (2013): 562-70. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.6.562
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17136505/ Stout, J R et al. “Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.” Amino acids vol. 32,3 (2007): 381-6. doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0474-z
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17194255/ Stout, Jeffrey R et al. “Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 20,4 (2006): 928-31. doi:10.1519/R-19655.1
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39032921/ Georgiou, George D et al. “Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 34,6 397-412. 19 Jul. 2024, doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0027
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25894892/ Carpentier, Alain et al. “β-Alanine supplementation slightly enhances repeated plyometric performance after high-intensity training in humans.” Amino acids vol. 47,7 (2015): 1479-83. doi:10.1007/s00726-015-1981-6
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29246277/ Varanoske, Alyssa N et al. “β-Alanine supplementation elevates intramuscular carnosine content and attenuates fatigue in men and women similarly but does not change muscle l-histidine content.” Nutrition research vol. 48 (2017): 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.002
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27797728/ Saunders, Bryan et al. “β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” British journal of sports medicine vol. 51,8 (2017): 658-669. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096396
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34069981/ Sas-Nowosielski, Krzysztof et al. “Beta-Alanine Supplementation and Sport Climbing Performance.” International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 18,10 5370. 18 May. 2021, doi:10.3390/ijerph18105370
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31622158/ Milioni, Fabio et al. “Effect of β-alanine supplementation during high-intensity interval training on repeated sprint ability performance and neuromuscular fatigue.” Journal of applied physiology vol. 127,6 (2019): 1599-1610. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2019
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28121265/ Claus, Gabriel Machado et al. “Beta-Alanine Supplementation Improves Throwing Velocities in Repeated sprint ability and 200-m Swimming Performance in Young Water Polo Players.” Pediatric exercise science vol. 29,2 (2017): 203-212. doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0176
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18992136/ Stout, Jeffrey R et al. “The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 5 21. 7 Nov. 2008, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17690198/ Derave, Wim et al. “beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.” Journal of applied physiology vol. 103,5 (2007): 1736-43. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00397.2007
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18175046/ Kendrick, Iain P et al. “The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with beta-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition.” Amino acids vol. 34,4 (2008): 547-54. doi:10.1007/s00726-007-0008-3
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20962010/ Overgaard K, Højfeldt GW, Nielsen OB. “Effects of acidification and increased extracellular potassium on dynamic muscle contractions in isolated rat muscles.” J Physiol. 2010;588(Pt 24):5065-76. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.195727
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20479615/ Artioli GG, Gualano B, Smith A, Stout J, Lancha AH Jr. “Role of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance.” Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(6):1162-73. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c74e38
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31083045/ Matthews JJ, Artioli GG, Turner MD, Sale C. “The Physiological Roles of Carnosine and β-Alanine in Exercising Human Skeletal Muscle.” Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(10):2098-2108. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002033
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22174397/ Dutka TL et al. “Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca²⁺ sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release in human skeletal muscle fibers.” J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(5):728-36. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2011
GLYCEROL
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23075560/ van Rosendal, S P, and J S Coombes. “Glycerol use in hyperhydration and rehydration: scientific update.” Medicine and sport science vol. 59 (2012): 104-112. doi:10.1159/000341959
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11591882/ Anderson, M J et al. “Effect of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on thermoregulation and metabolism during exercise in heat.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 11,3 (2001): 315-33. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.315
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17962713/ Goulet, Eric D B et al. “A meta-analysis of the effects of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on fluid retention and endurance performance.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 17,4 (2007): 391-410. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.4.391
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23487412/ Patlar, Suleyman et al. “The effect of glycerol supplements on aerobic and anaerobic performance of athletes and sedentary subjects.” Journal of human kinetics vol. 34 (2012): 69-79. doi:10.2478/v10078-012-0065-x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8775573/ Montner, P et al. “Pre-exercise glycerol hydration improves cycling endurance time.” International journal of sports medicine vol. 17,1 (1996): 27-33. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972804
BETAÏNE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22080324/ Trepanowski, John F et al. “The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 25,12 (2011): 3461-71. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318217d48d
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747291/ Hoffman, Jay R et al. “Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 25,8 (2011): 2235-41. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39514262/ Zawieja, Emilia et al. “Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of sports sciences vol. 42,22 (2024): 2131-2144. doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2423578
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22976217/ Apicella, Jenna M et al. “Betaine supplementation enhances anabolic endocrine and Akt signaling in response to acute bouts of exercise.” European journal of applied physiology vol. 113,3 (2013): 793-802. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2492-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663545/ Nobari, Hadi et al. “The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 18,1 20. 4 Mar. 2021, doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00417-5
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409757/ Zawieja, Emilia et al. “Betaine supplementation improves CrossFit performance and increases testosterone levels, but has no influence on Wingate power: randomized crossover trial.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 20,1 (2023): 2231411. doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2231411
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23967897/ Cholewa, Jason M et al. “Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 10,1 39. 22 Aug. 2013, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-39
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36009767/ Yang, Ming-Ta et al. “Effects of 6-Week Betaine Supplementation on Muscular Performance in Male Collegiate Athletes.” Biology vol. 11,8 1140. 29 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3390/biology11081140
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19250531/ Hoffman, Jay R et al. “Effect of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 6 7. 27 Feb. 2009, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-7
L-TYROSINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31771598/ Zaragoza, Javier et al. “Effects of acute caffeine, theanine and tyrosine supplementation on mental and physical performance in athletes.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 16,1 56. 26 Nov. 2019, doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0326-3
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26424423/ Jongkees, Bryant J et al. “Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands--A review.” Journal of psychiatric research vol. 70 (2015): 50-7. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.014
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27403851/ Colzato, Lorenza S et al. “Effects of l-Tyrosine on working memory and inhibitory control are determined by DRD2 genotypes: A randomized controlled trial.” Cortex vol. 82 (2016): 217-224. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.010
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25598314/ Steenbergen, Laura et al. “Tyrosine promotes cognitive flexibility: evidence from proactive vs. reactive control during task switching performance.” Neuropsychologia vol. 69 (2015): 50-5. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.022
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10230711/ Deijen, J B et al. “Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course.” Brain research bulletin vol. 48,2 (1999): 203-9. doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00163-4
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12887140/ Magill, Richard A et al. “Effects of tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine D-amphetamine, and placebo on cognitive and motor performance deficits during sleep deprivation.” Nutritional neuroscience vol. 6,4 (2003): 237-46. doi:10.1080/1028415031000120552
GROENE THEE EXTRACT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29746891/ da Silva, Willian et al. “Effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness and muscular damage.” Physiology & behavior vol. 194 (2018): 77-82. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.006
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235549/ Ishikawa, Akira et al. “Effect of Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Fat Oxidation during Exercise in the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study.” Nutrients vol. 14,19 3896. 21 Sep. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14193896
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31747468/ Bagheri, Reza et al. “Does green tea extract enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on fat loss?.” British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 86,4 (2020): 753-762. doi:10.1111/bcp.14176
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32875933/ Willems, Mark E T et al. “Three Weeks Daily Intake of Matcha Green Tea Powder Affects Substrate Oxidation during Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Females.” Journal of dietary supplements vol. 18,5 (2021): 566-576. doi:10.1080/19390211.2020.1811443
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32095935/ Bagheri, Reza et al. “Effects of green tea extract supplementation and endurance training on irisin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin concentrations in overweight middle-aged men.” European journal of applied physiology vol. 120,4 (2020): 915-923. doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04332-6
CDP-CHOLINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25046515/ Bruce, Steven E et al. “Improvements in concentration, working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline-caffeine beverage.” International journal of food sciences and nutrition vol. 65,8 (2014): 1003-7. doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.940286
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21703569/ Arenth, Patricia M et al. “CDP-choline as a biological supplement during neurorecovery: a focused review.” PM & R vol. 3,6 Suppl 1 (2011): S123-31. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.03.012
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25681529/ Knott, Verner et al. “Neurocognitive effects of acute choline supplementation in low, medium and high performer healthy volunteers.” Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior vol. 131 (2015): 119-29. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.004
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8709678/ Secades, J J, and G Frontera. “CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.” Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology vol. 17 Suppl B (1995): 1-54.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764658/ Lee, Chang Woock et al. “The Effect of Choline and Resistance Training on Strength and Lean Mass in Older Adults.” Nutrients vol. 15,18 3874. 6 Sep. 2023, doi:10.3390/nu15183874
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34769925/ Gage, Matthew et al. “Choline-Based Multi-Ingredient Supplementation Can Improve Explosive Strength during a Fatiguing Task.” Int J Environ Res Public Health vol. 18,21 11400. 29 Oct. 2021, doi:10.3390/ijerph182111400
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26179181/ McGlade, Erin et al. “The Effect of Citicoline Supplementation on Motor Speed and Attention in Adolescent Males.” Journal of attention disorders vol. 23,2 (2019): 121-134. doi:10.1177/1087054715593633
CAFEÏNE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34033621/ Stadheim, Hans Kristian et al. “Caffeine Increases Exercise Performance, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, and Oxygen Deficit in Elite Male Endurance Athletes.” Medicine and science in sports and exercise vol. 53,11 (2021): 2264-2273. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002704
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573201/ Hodgson, Adrian B et al. “The metabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffee during endurance exercise.” PloS one vol. 8,4 (2013): e59561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059561
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31219772/ Chen, Hou-Yu et al. “Effects of caffeine and sex on muscle performance and delayed-onset muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage: a double-blind randomized trial.” Journal of applied physiology vol. 127,3 (2019): 798-805. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01108.2018
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492050/ San Juan, Alejandro F et al. “Caffeine Supplementation Improves Anaerobic Performance and Neuromuscular Efficiency and Fatigue in Olympic-Level Boxers.” Nutrients vol. 11,9 2120. 5 Sep. 2019, doi:10.3390/nu11092120
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34444656/ Burke, Benjamin I et al. “The Effects of Caffeine on Jumping Performance and Maximal Strength in Female Collegiate Athletes.” Nutrients vol. 13,8 2496. 22 Jul. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu13082496
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32681596/ Norum, Martin et al. “Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance-trained females during early follicular phase.” Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports vol. 30,11 (2020): 2116-2129. doi:10.1111/sms.13776
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28537195/ Grgic, Jozo, and Pavle Mikulic. “Caffeine ingestion acutely enhances muscular strength and power but not muscular endurance in resistance-trained men.” European journal of sport science vol. 17,8 (2017): 1029-1036. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1330362
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17146324/ Beedie, Christopher J et al. “Placebo effects of caffeine on cycling performance.” Medicine and science in sports and exercise vol. 38,12 (2006): 2159-64. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000233805.56315.a9
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37191618/ Grgic, Jozo, and Dorian Varovic. “Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the American Nutrition Association vol. 43,1 (2024): 92-100. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2212740
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28603504/ Temple, Jennifer L et al. “The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review.” Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 8 80. 26 May. 2017, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00080
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24530739/ Rivera-Oliver M, Díaz-Ríos M. “Using caffeine and other adenosine receptor antagonists and agonists as therapeutic tools against neurodegenerative diseases: a review.” Life Sci. 2014;101(1-2):1-9. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.083
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19219847/ Addicott MA et al. “The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate?” Hum Brain Mapp. 2009;30(10):3102-14. doi:10.1002/hbm.20732
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22561357/ Diukova A et al. “Separating neural and vascular effects of caffeine using simultaneous EEG-fMRI.” Neuroimage. 2012;62(1):239-49. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.041
KALIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34112360/ McLean, Rachael Mira, and Nan Xin Wang. “Potassium.” Advances in food and nutrition research vol. 96 (2021): 89-121. doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.013
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11255136/ Goss, F et al. “Effect of potassium phosphate supplementation on perceptual and physiological responses to maximal graded exercise.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 11,1 (2001): 53-62. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.53
NATRIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579105/ Mente, Andrew et al. “Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence?” Nutrients vol. 13,9 3232. 16 Sep. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu13093232
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140136/ Goulet, Eric D B et al. “Salt + Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration Enhances Fluid Retention More Than Salt- or Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 28,3 (2018): 246-252. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0310
L-THEANINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18681988/ Owen, Gail N et al. “The combined effects of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood.” Nutritional neuroscience vol. 11,4 (2008): 193-8. doi:10.1179/147683008X301513
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29420994/ Kahathuduwa, Chanaka N et al. “l-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging study.” Nutrition research vol. 49 (2018): 67-78. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.002
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35565828/ Noah, Lionel et al. “Effect of a Combination of Magnesium, B Vitamins, Rhodiola, and Green Tea (L-Theanine) on Chronically Stressed Healthy Individuals.” Nutrients vol. 14,9 1863. 29 Apr. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14091863
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ Kimura, Kenta et al. “L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.” Biological psychology vol. 74,1 (2007): 39-45. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36263942/ Dassanayake, Tharaka L et al. “Dose-response effect of L-theanine on psychomotor speed, sustained attention, and inhibitory control: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.” Nutritional neuroscience vol. 26,11 (2023): 1138-1146. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2022.2136884
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37815006/ Yilmaz, Umut et al. “Effect of single or combined caffeine and L-Theanine supplementation on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 20,1 (2023): 2267536. doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2267536
MAGNESIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28445426/ Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L. “The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review.” Nutrients. 2017;9(5):429. doi:10.3390/nu9050429
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12160191/ Jee SH et al. “The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.” Am J Hypertens. 2002;15(8):691-6. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02964-3
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/339084/ Robertson D et al. “Effects of caffeine on plasma renin activity, catecholamines and blood pressure.” N Engl J Med. 1978;298(4):181-6. doi:10.1056/NEJM197801262980403
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2402180/ Bergman EA et al. “Effects of dietary caffeine on renal handling of minerals in adult women.” Life Sci. 1990;47(6):557-64. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90616-Y
CALCIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571990/ Cairns SP et al. “Extracellular Ca2+-induced force restoration in K+-depressed skeletal muscle...” J Appl Physiol. 2015;118(6):662-74. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00705.2013
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36330138/ Hou T. “Editorial: Bioactive compounds in mineral bioavailability...” Front Nutr. 2022;9:1050670. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1050670
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27911331/ Marty I, Fauré J. “Excitation-Contraction Coupling Alterations in Myopathies.” J Neuromuscul Dis. 2016;3(4):443-453. doi:10.3233/JND-160172
EGCG (EPIGALLOCATECHINEGALLAAT)
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17906192/ Boschmann, Michael, and Frank Thielecke. “The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men: a pilot study.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition vol. 26,4 (2007): 389S-395S. doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719627
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20372175/ Thielecke, F et al. “Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and postprandial fat oxidation in overweight/obese male volunteers: a pilot study.” European journal of clinical nutrition vol. 64,7 (2010): 704-13. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.47
VITAMINE C
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22542797/ Ladurner A et al. “Ascorbate stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase...” Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52(10):2082-90. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.022
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10749876/ Huang A et al. “Ascorbic acid enhances endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity...” J Biol Chem. 2000;275(23):17399-406. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002248200
VITAMINE B1
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25566430/ Choi SK et al. “The effects of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during exercise.” J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2013;17(4):189-98. doi:10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.189
VITAMINE B2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023913/ Suwannasom N et al. “Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin.” Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):950. doi:10.3390/ijms21030950
- https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-HealthProfessional/
VITAMINE B12
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10448523/ Selhub J. “Homocysteine metabolism.” Annu Rev Nutr. 1999;19:217-46. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.217
ZWARTE PEPER EXTRACT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24520218/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492299/ Jin, Ming-Ji, and Hyo-Kyung Han. “Effect of piperine, a major component of black pepper, on the intestinal absorption of fexofenadine and its implication on food-drug interaction.” Journal of food science vol. 75,3 (2010): H93-6. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01542.x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21434835/ Han, Hyo-Kyung. “The effects of black pepper on the intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of drugs.” Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology vol. 7,6 (2011): 721-9. doi:10.1517/17425255.2011.570332
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23768180/ Butt, Masood Sadiq et al. “Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise.” Critical reviews in food science and nutrition vol. 53,9 (2013): 875-86. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.571799
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31168845/ Panahi, Yunes et al. “Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical trial.” Journal of cellular biochemistry vol. 120,9 (2019): 15989-15996. doi:10.1002/jcb.28877
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27776366/ Bedada, S K et al. “Effect of Piperine on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Healthy Volunteers.” Drug research vol. 67,1 (2017): 46-51. doi:10.1055/s-0042-118173
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36649934/ Hosseini, Hossein et al. “A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of the curcumin and piperine combination on lipid profile...” Phytotherapy research vol. 37,3 (2023): 1212-1224. doi:10.1002/ptr.7730
HUPERZINE A
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18572153/ Haigh, Julian R et al. “Protection of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase by oral huperzine A...” Chemico-biological interactions vol. 175,1-3 (2008): 380-6. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.033
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10678121/ Sun, Q Q et al. “Huperzine-A capsules enhance memory and learning performance...” Acta pharmacologica Sinica vol. 20,7 (1999): 601-3.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29058298/ Wu, San-Lan et al. “Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral dosage forms of huperzine a...” J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci vol. 37,5 (2017): 795-802. doi:10.1007/s11596-017-1807-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27605862/ Zheng, Wei et al. “Huperzine A for treatment of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder...” Shanghai archives of psychiatry vol. 28,2 (2016): 64-71. doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216003
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33182295/ Kaczka, Piotr et al. “Effects of Pre-Workout Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Anaerobic Performance...” Int J Environ Res Public Health vol. 17,21 8262. 9 Nov. 2020, doi:10.3390/ijerph17218262
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26962303/ Jagim, Andrew R et al. “The acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout ingestion on strength performance...” JISSN vol. 13 11. 8 Mar. 2016, doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0122-2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22941287/ Zhang, Hai-Yan. “New insights into huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.” Acta pharmacologica Sinica vol. 33,9 (2012): 1170-5. doi:10.1038/aps.2012.128
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21833673/ Xu, Zhi-Qiang et al. “Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients.” Cell biochemistry and biophysics vol. 62,1 (2012): 55-8. doi:10.1007/s12013-011-9258-5
INLEIDING
- Deze formule is gebaseerd op meer dan 76 onderzoeken die gebruikt zijn om te leren over hoe bepaalde ingrediënten werken, wat potentiële doseringen en ingrediënten acuut of mogelijk mechanistisch kunnen betekenen, met oog op welke effecten en mechanismes belangrijk zijn voor een effectieve training en de post-training periode; bijvoorbeeld de kans op slapeloosheid of of het gevoel van een energiegebrek zo klein mogelijk maken.
L-CITRULLINE, MALAAT (APPELZUUR) & L-CITRULLINE MALAAT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34134794/ Valaei, Kosar et al. “Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomized controlled trial.” The British journal of nutrition, 1-23. 17 Jun. 2021, doi:10.1017/S0007114521002178
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28940638/ Gonzales, Joaquin U et al. “Does l-citrulline supplementation improve exercise blood flow in older adults?.” Experimental physiology vol. 102,12 (2017): 1661-1671. doi:10.1113/EP086587
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21908948/ Takeda, Kohei et al. “Effects of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice.” Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology vol. 57,3 (2011): 246-50. doi:10.3177/jnsv.57.246
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28664349/ Kiyici, Fatih et al. “The Effect of Citrulline/Malate on Blood Lactate Levels in Intensive Exercise.” Biochemical genetics vol. 55,5-6 (2017): 387-394. doi:10.1007/s10528-017-9807-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26808848/ Cunniffe, Brian et al. “Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation and High-Intensity Cycling Performance.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 30,9 (2016): 2638-47. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001338
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39408204/ Devrim-Lanpir, Asli et al. “Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study.” Nutrients vol. 16,19 3235. 24 Sep. 2024, doi:10.3390/nu16193235
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12145119/ Bendahan, D et al. “Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.” British journal of sports medicine vol. 36,4 (2002): 282-9. doi:10.1136/bjsm.36.4.282
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26658899/ Glenn, Jordan M et al. “Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.” European journal of nutrition vol. 56,2 (2017): 775-784. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1124-6
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34010809/ Vårvik, Fredrik Tonstad et al. “Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 31,4 (2021): 350-358. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0295
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín, and Philip M Jakeman. “Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 24,5 (2010): 1215-22. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33308806/ Rhim, Hye Chang et al. “Effect of citrulline on post-exercise rating of perceived exertion, muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of sport and health science vol. 9,6 (2020): 553-561. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.003
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25674699/ Wax, Benjamin et al. “Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.” Journal of dietary supplements vol. 13,3 (2016): 269-82. doi:10.3109/19390211.2015.1008615
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27017895/ Glenn, Jordan M et al. “Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.” European journal of sport science vol. 16,8 (2016): 1095-103. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10793157/ Anderson, J E. “A role for nitric oxide in muscle repair: nitric oxide-mediated activation of muscle satellite cells.” Molecular biology of the cell vol. 11,5 (2000): 1859-74. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.5.1859
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553034/ Campos, Helton O et al. “Nitrate supplementation improves physical performance specifically in non-athletes during prolonged open-ended tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” The British journal of nutrition vol. 119,6 (2018): 636-657. doi:10.1017/S0007114518000132
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749691/ Figueroa, Arturo et al. “Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance.” Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care vol. 20,1 (2017): 92-98. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ Schwedhelm, Edzard et al. “Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism.” British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 65,1 (2008): 51-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38874989/ Faria, Vinicius S, and Brendan Egan. “Effects of 3 days of citrulline malate supplementation on short-duration repeated sprint running performance in male team sport athletes.” European journal of sport science vol. 24,6 (2024): 758-765. doi:10.1002/ejsc.12090
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34319940/ Gills, Joshua L et al. “Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation Increases Total Work in Short Lower-Body Isokinetic Tasks for Recreationally Active Females During Menstruation.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 37,6 (2023): 1225-1230. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000004095
BETA-ALANINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27377257/ Berti Zanella, Priscila et al. “Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance and muscle fatigue in athletes and non-athletes of different sports: a systematic review.” The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness vol. 57,9 (2017): 1132-1141. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06582-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27797728/ Saunders, Bryan et al. “β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” British journal of sports medicine vol. 51,8 (2017): 658-669. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096396
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34069981/ Sas-Nowosielski, Krzysztof et al. “Beta-Alanine Supplementation and Sport Climbing Performance.” International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 18,10 5370. 18 May. 2021, doi:10.3390/ijerph18105370
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31622158/ Milioni, Fabio et al. “Effect of β-alanine supplementation during high-intensity interval training on repeated sprint ability performance and neuromuscular fatigue.” Journal of applied physiology vol. 127,6 (2019): 1599-1610. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2019
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28121265/ Claus, Gabriel Machado et al. “Beta-Alanine Supplementation Improves Throwing Velocities in Repeated Sprint Ability and 200-m Swimming Performance in Young Water Polo Players.” Pediatric exercise science vol. 29,2 (2017): 203-212. doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0176
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29905904/ Bassinello, Diogo et al. “Beta-alanine supplementation improves isometric, but not isotonic or isokinetic strength endurance in recreationally strength-trained young men.” Amino acids vol. 51,1 (2019): 27-37. doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2593-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23630039/ Ducker, Kagan J et al. “Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on 800-m running performance.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 23,6 (2013): 554-61. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.6.554
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23630052/ Howe, Samuel T et al. “The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 23,6 (2013): 562-70. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.6.562
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22270875/ Hobson, R M et al. “Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis.” Amino acids vol. 43,1 (2012): 25-37. doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29713250/ Maté-Muñoz, José Luis et al. “Effects of β-alanine supplementation during a 5-week strength training program: a randomized, controlled study.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 15 19. 25 Apr. 2018, doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0224-0
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18992136/ Stout, Jeffrey R et al. “The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 5 21. 7 Nov. 2008, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17136505/ Stout, J R et al. “Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women.” Amino acids vol. 32,3 (2007): 381-6. doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0474-z
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17690198/ Derave, Wim et al. “beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters.” Journal of applied physiology vol. 103,5 (2007): 1736-43. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00397.2007
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18175046/ Kendrick, Iain P et al. “The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with beta-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition.” Amino acids vol. 34,4 (2008): 547-54. doi:10.1007/s00726-007-0008-3
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17194255/ Stout, Jeffrey R et al. “Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 20,4 (2006): 928-31. doi:10.1519/R-19655.1
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39032921/ Georgiou, George D et al. “Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 34,6 397-412. 19 Jul. 2024, doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0027
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25894892/ Carpentier, Alain et al. “β-alanine supplementation slightly enhances repeated plyometric performance after high-intensity training in humans.” Amino acids vol. 47,7 (2015): 1479-83. doi:10.1007/s00726-015-1981-6
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29246277/ Varanoske, Alyssa N et al. “β-alanine supplementation elevates intramuscular carnosine content and attenuates fatigue in men and women similarly but does not change muscle l-histidine content.” Nutrition research vol. 48 (2017): 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.002
GLYCEROL
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23075560/ van Rosendal, S P, and J S Coombes. “Glycerol use in hyperhydration and rehydration: scientific update.” Medicine and sport science vol. 59 (2012): 104-112. doi:10.1159/000341959
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11591882/ Anderson, M J et al. “Effect of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on thermoregulation and metabolism during exercise in heat.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 11,3 (2001): 315-33. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.315
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17962713/ Goulet, Eric D B et al. “A meta-analysis of the effects of glycerol-induced hyperhydration on fluid retention and endurance performance.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 17,4 (2007): 391-410. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.4.391
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23487412/ Patlar, Suleyman et al. “The effect of glycerol supplements on aerobic and anaerobic performance of athletes and sedentary subjects.” Journal of human kinetics vol. 34 (2012): 69-79. doi:10.2478/v10078-012-0065-x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8775573/ Montner, P et al. “Pre-exercise glycerol hydration improves cycling endurance time.” International journal of sports medicine vol. 17,1 (1996): 27-33. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972804
BETAÏNE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22080324/ Trepanowski, John F et al. “The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 25,12 (2011): 3461-71. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318217d48d
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747291/ Hoffman, Jay R et al. “Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 25,8 (2011): 2235-41. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39514262/ Zawieja, Emilia et al. “Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of sports sciences vol. 42,22 (2024): 2131-2144. doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2423578
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22976217/ Apicella, Jenna M et al. “Betaine supplementation enhances anabolic endocrine and Akt signaling in response to acute bouts of exercise.” European journal of applied physiology vol. 113,3 (2013): 793-802. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2492-8
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663545/ Nobari, Hadi et al. “The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 18,1 20. 4 Mar. 2021, doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00417-5
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409757/ Zawieja, Emilia et al. “Betaine supplementation improves CrossFit performance and increases testosterone levels, but has no influence on Wingate power: randomized crossover trial.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 20,1 (2023): 2231411. doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2231411
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23967897/ Cholewa, Jason M et al. “Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 10,1 39. 22 Aug. 2013, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-39
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36009767/ Yang, Ming-Ta et al. “Effects of 6-Week Betaine Supplementation on Muscular Performance in Male Collegiate Athletes.” Biology vol. 11,8 1140. 29 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3390/biology11081140
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19250531/ Hoffman, Jay R et al. “Effect of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition vol. 6 7. 27 Feb. 2009, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-7
KALIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34112360/ McLean, Rachael Mira, and Nan Xin Wang. “Potassium.” Advances in food and nutrition research vol. 96 (2021): 89-121. doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.013
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11255136/ Goss, F et al. “Effect of potassium phosphate supplementation on perceptual and physiological responses to maximal graded exercise.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 11,1 (2001): 53-62. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.53
MAGNESIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28445426/ Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L. “The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review.” Nutrients. 2017;9(5):429. doi:10.3390/nu9050429
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12160191/ Jee SH et al. “The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.” Am J Hypertens. 2002;15(8):691-6. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02964-3
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/339084/ Robertson D et al. “Effects of caffeine on plasma renin activity, catecholamines and blood pressure.” N Engl J Med. 1978;298(4):181-6. doi:10.1056/NEJM197801262980403
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2402180/ Bergman EA et al. “Effects of dietary caffeine on renal handling of minerals in adult women.” Life Sci. 1990;47(6):557-64. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90616-Y
CALCIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571990/ Cairns SP et al. “Extracellular Ca2+-induced force restoration in K+-depressed skeletal muscle...” J Appl Physiol. 2015;118(6):662-74. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00705.2013
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36330138/ Hou T. “Editorial: Bioactive compounds in mineral bioavailability...” Front Nutr. 2022;9:1050670. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1050670
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27911331/ Marty I, Fauré J. “Excitation-Contraction Coupling Alterations in Myopathies.” J Neuromuscul Dis. 2016;3(4):443-453. doi:10.3233/JND-160172
NATRIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579105/ Mente, Andrew et al. “Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence?” Nutrients vol. 13,9 3232. 16 Sep. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu13093232
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140136/ Goulet, Eric D B et al. “Salt + Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration Enhances Fluid Retention More Than Salt- or Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration.” International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism vol. 28,3 (2018): 246-252. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0310
PANAX GINSENG
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32379240/ Cristina-Souza, Gislaine et al. “Panax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric-Based Exercise in Athletes.” Journal of strength and conditioning research vol. 36,4 (2022): 991-997. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003555
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010953/ Lin, Ching-Hung et al. “American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males.” Nutrients vol. 14,1 78. 25 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu14010078
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35334841/ Ikeuchi, Shingo et al. “Exploratory Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Panax Genus Plant Ingestion Evaluation in Exercise Endurance.” Nutrients vol. 14,6 1185. 11 Mar. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu14061185
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23872254/ Han, Hyun Jeong et al. “Effects of red ginseng extract on sleeping behaviors in human volunteers.” Journal of ethnopharmacology vol. 149,2 (2013): 597-9. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.005
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23872254/ Han, Hyun Jeong et al. “Effects of red ginseng extract on sleeping behaviors in human volunteers.” Journal of ethnopharmacology vol. 149,2 (2013): 597-9. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.005
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15582012/ Kennedy, D O et al. “Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng.” Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior vol. 79,3 (2004): 401-11. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2004.07.014
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16401645/ Reay, Jonathon L et al. “Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasks.” Journal of psychopharmacology vol. 20,6 (2006): 771-81. doi:10.1177/0269881106061516
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20737519/ Reay, Jonathon L et al. “Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults.” Human psychopharmacology vol. 25,6 (2010): 462-71. doi:10.1002/hup.1138
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987248/ Sung, Won-Suk et al. “Efficacy of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) for middle-aged and moderate level of chronic fatigue patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Complementary therapies in medicine vol. 48 (2020): 102246. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102246
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36730693/ Sung, Won-Suk et al. “Efficacy of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) for middle-aged and moderate level of chronic fatigue patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Complementary therapies in medicine vol. 48 (2020): 102246. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102246
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23613825/ Kim, Hyeong-Geug et al. “Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” PloS one vol. 8,4 e61271. 17 Apr. 2013, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061271
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15982990/ Reay, Jonathon L et al. “Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity.” Journal of psychopharmacology vol. 19,4 (2005): 357-65. doi:10.1177/0269881105053286
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12020739/ Kennedy, D O et al. “Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults.” Physiology & behavior vol. 75,5 (2002): 739-51. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00665-0
VITAMINE C
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22542797/ Ladurner A et al. “Ascorbate stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase...” Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52(10):2082-90. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.022
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10749876/ Huang A et al. “Ascorbic acid enhances endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity...” J Biol Chem. 2000;275(23):17399-406. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002248200
VITAMINE B1
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25566430/ Choi SK et al. “The effects of endurance training and thiamine supplementation on anti-fatigue during exercise.” J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2013;17(4):189-98. doi:10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.189
VITAMINE B2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023913/ Suwannasom N et al. “Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin.” Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):950. doi:10.3390/ijms21030950
- https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-HealthProfessional/
VITAMINE B12
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10448523/ Selhub J. “Homocysteine metabolism.” Annu Rev Nutr. 1999;19:217-46. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.217
ZWARTE PEPER EXTRACT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24520218/ Prasad, Sahdeo et al. “Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice.” Cancer research and treatment vol. 46,1 (2014): 2-18. doi:10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24461029/ Jäger, Ralf et al. “Comparative absorption of curcumin formulations.” Nutrition journal vol. 13 11. 24 Jan. 2014, doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-11
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492299/ Jin, Ming-Ji, and Hyo-Kyung Han. “Effect of piperine, a major component of black pepper, on the intestinal absorption of fexofenadine and its implication on food-drug interaction.” Journal of food science vol. 75,3 (2010): H93-6. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01542.x
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21434835/ Han, Hyo-Kyung. “The effects of black pepper on the intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of drugs.” Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology vol. 7,6 (2011): 721-9. doi:10.1517/17425255.2011.570332
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23768180/ Butt, Masood Sadiq et al. “Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise.” Critical reviews in food science and nutrition vol. 53,9 (2013): 875-86. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.571799
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31168845/ Panahi, Yunes et al. “Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A clinical trial.” Journal of cellular biochemistry vol. 120,9 (2019): 15989-15996. doi:10.1002/jcb.28877
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27776366/ Bedada, S K et al. “Effect of Piperine on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Healthy Volunteers.” Drug research vol. 67,1 (2017): 46-51. doi:10.1055/s-0042-118173
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36649934/ Hosseini, Hossein et al. “A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of the curcumin and piperine combination on lipid profile...” Phytotherapy research vol. 37,3 (2023): 1212-1224. doi:10.1002/ptr.7730
INLEIDING
- Deze slaapformule is gebaseerd op meer dan 60 onderzoeken die gebruikt zijn om te leren hoe specifieke ingrediënten werken, wat potentiële doseringen acuut of mogelijk mechanistisch kunnen betekenen en welke effecten en mechanismes belangrijk zijn voor een doordachte slaapformule; bijvoorbeeld de kans op ongewenste effecten zo klein mogelijk houden en het label zo transparant mogelijk maken.
L-THEANINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31623400/ Hidese S, Ogawa S, Ota M, Ishida I, Yasukawa Z, Ozeki M, Kunugi H. Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 3;11(10):2362. doi: 10.3390/nu11102362. PMID: 31623400; PMCID: PMC6836118.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34562208/ Evans M, McDonald AC, Xiong L, Crowley DC, Guthrie N. A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Investigate the Efficacy of a Single Dose of AlphaWave® L-Theanine on Stress in a Healthy Adult Population. Neurol Ther. 2021 Dec;10(2):1061-1078. doi: 10.1007/s40120-021-00284-x. Epub 2021 Sep 25. PMID: 34562208; PMCID: PMC8475422.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930802/ Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006. Epub 2006 Aug 22. PMID: 16930802.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254/ Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011 Dec;16(4):348-54. PMID: 22214254.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33751906/ Baba Y, Inagaki S, Nakagawa S, Kaneko T, Kobayashi M, Takihara T. Effects of l-Theanine on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food. 2021 Apr;24(4):333-341. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4803. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33751906; PMCID: PMC8080935.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580081/ Sarris J, Byrne GJ, Cribb L, Oliver G, Murphy J, Macdonald P, Nazareth S, Karamacoska D, Galea S, Short A, Ee C, Birling Y, Menon R, Ng CH. L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Mar;110:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.12.014. Epub 2018 Dec 8. PMID: 30580081.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39633316/ Moshfeghinia R, Sanaei E, Mostafavi S, Assadian K, Sanaei A, Ayano G. The effects of L-theanine supplementation on the outcomes of patients with mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Dec 4;24(1):886. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06285-y. PMID: 39633316; PMCID: PMC11616108.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102076 Amanda Bulman, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Wolfgang Marx, Murray Turner, Andrew McKune, Nenad Naumovski, The effects of L-theanine consumption on sleep outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Sleep Medicine Reviews, Volume 81, 2025, 102076, ISSN 1087-0792.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37242260/ Imafuku F, Yamamoto K, Tanaka E, Aoki R, Nishino S. Analysis of the Effects of Known Sleep-Support Supplements in Relation to Life Habits, Sleep Conditions, and Sleep Problems. Nutrients. 2023 May 19;15(10):2377. doi: 10.3390/nu15102377. PMID: 37242260; PMCID: PMC10220724.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31412272/ Lopes Sakamoto F, Metzker Pereira Ribeiro R, Amador Bueno A, Oliveira Santos H. Psychotropic effects of L-theanine and its clinical properties: From the management of anxiety and stress to a potential use in schizophrenia. Pharmacol Res. 2019 Sep;147:104395. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104395. Epub 2019 Aug 11. PMID: 31412272.
GABA
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12891648/ Wong CG, Bottiglieri T, Snead OC 3rd. GABA, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S3-12. doi: 10.1002/ana.10696. PMID: 12891648.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7914688/ Cash CD. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: an overview of the pros and cons for it being a neurotransmitter and/or a useful therapeutic agent. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1994 Summer;18(2):291-304. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90031-0. PMID: 7914688.
- https://www.cabdirect.org/globalhealth/abstract/20153123925 Yoshida, Shin-ichi, et al. "Optimization of a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enrichment process for Hokkaido white rice and the effects of GABA-enriched white rice on stress relief in humans." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi= Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 62.2 (2015): 95-103.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29856155/ Byun JI, Shin YY, Chung SE, Shin WC. Safety and Efficacy of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid from Fermented Rice Germ in Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. J Clin Neurol. 2018 Jul;14(3):291-295. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.3.291. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29856155; PMCID: PMC6031986.
- https://www.pieronline.jp/content/article/0386-3603/41100/985 Yamatsu, Atsushi. "Beneficial action of GABA on sleep and frequent night urination in the elderly." 薬理と治療 41.10 (2013): 985-988.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35796273/ Yoon S, Byun JI, Shin WC. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid From Unpolished Rice Germ as a Health Functional Food for Promoting Sleep: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Neurol. 2022 Jul;18(4):478-480. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.4.478. PMID: 35796273; PMCID: PMC9262463.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30263304/ Yamatsu A, Yamashita Y, Pandharipande T, Maru I, Kim M. Effect of oral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration on sleep and its absorption in humans. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2016 Apr 30;25(2):547-551. doi: 10.1007/s10068-016-0076-9. PMID: 30263304; PMCID: PMC6049207.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38321713/ Guimarães AP, Seidel H, Pires LVM, Trindade CO, Baleeiro RDS, Souza PM, Silva FGDE, Coelho DB, Becker LK, Oliveira EC. GABA Supplementation, Increased Heart-Rate Variability, Emotional Response, Sleep Efficiency and Reduced Depression in Sedentary Overweight Women Undergoing Physical Exercise: Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Diet Suppl. 2024;21(4):512-526. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2308262. Epub 2024 Feb 6. PMID: 38321713.
ASHWAGANDHA
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32242751/ Mandlik Ingawale DS, Namdeo AG. Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. J Diet Suppl. 2021;18(2):183-226. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484. Epub 2020 Apr 3. PMID: 32242751.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32305638/ Zahiruddin S, Basist P, Parveen A, Parveen R, Khan W, Gaurav, Ahmad S. Ashwagandha in brain disorders: A review of recent developments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jul 15;257:112876. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112876. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32305638.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22754076/ Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M. An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5 Suppl):208-13. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9. Epub 2011 Jul 3. PMID: 22754076; PMCID: PMC3252722.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10956379/ Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Aug;5(4):334-46. PMID: 10956379.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23439798/ Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Withania somnifera root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012 Jul;34(3):255-62. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022. PMID: 23439798; PMCID: PMC3573577.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32021735/ Salve J, Pate S, Debnath K, Langade D. Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Cureus. 2019 Dec 25;11(12):e6466. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6466. PMID: 32021735; PMCID: PMC6979308.
MAGNESIUM
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35184264/ Arab A, Rafie N, Amani R, Shirani F. The Role of Magnesium in Sleep Health: a Systematic Review of Available Literature. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Jan;201(1):121-128. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03162-1. Epub 2022 Feb 19. PMID: 35184264.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853635/ Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2012 Dec;17(12):1161-9. PMID: 23853635; PMCID: PMC3703169.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38817505/ Rawji A, Peltier MR, Mourtzanakis K, Awan S, Rana J, Pothen NJ, Afzal S. Examining the Effects of Supplemental Magnesium on Self-Reported Anxiety and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024 Apr 29;16(4):e59317. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59317. PMID: 38817505; PMCID: PMC11136869.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20152124/ Slutsky I, Abumaria N, Wu LJ, Huang C, Zhang L, Li B, Zhao X, Govindarajan A, Zhao MG, Zhuo M, Tonegawa S, Liu G. Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium. Neuron. 2010 Jan 28;65(2):165-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.026. PMID: 20152124.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7815675/ Schuette SA, Lashner BA, Janghorbani M. Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Sep-Oct;18(5):430-5. doi: 10.1177/0148607194018005430. PMID: 7815675.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31330811/ Blancquaert L, Vervaet C, Derave W. Predicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 20;11(7):1663. doi: 10.3390/nu11071663. PMID: 31330811; PMCID: PMC6683096.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883514/ Zhang Y, Chen C, Lu L, Knutson KL, Carnethon MR, Fly AD, Luo J, Haas DM, Shikany JM, Kahe K. Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study. Sleep. 2022 Apr 11;45(4):zsab276. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab276. PMID: 34883514; PMCID: PMC8996025.
SAFFRAAN EXTRACT
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34275827/ Jiang Y, Chen Z, Tong Y, Wang P. Antidepressant mechanism and active compounds of saffron from network pharmacology study. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2021 Mar;34(2):537-544. PMID: 34275827.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37484523/ Sadat Rafiei SK, Abolghasemi S, Frashidi M, Ebrahimi S, Gharei F, Razmkhah Z, Tavousi N, Mahmoudvand B, Faani M, Karimi N, Abdi A, Soleimanzadeh M, Ahmadpour Youshanlui M, Sadatmadani SF, Alikhani R, Pishkari Y, Deravi N. Saffron and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr Metab Insights. 2023 Jul 18;16:11786388231160317. doi: 10.1177/11786388231160317. PMID: 37484523; PMCID: PMC10357048.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29136602/ Shafiee M, Arekhi S, Omranzadeh A, Sahebkar A. Saffron in the treatment of depression, anxiety and other mental disorders: Current evidence and potential mechanisms of action. J Affect Disord. 2018 Feb;227:330-337. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29136602.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25384672/ Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. Saffron (Crocus sativus) for depression: a systematic review of clinical studies and examination of underlying antidepressant mechanisms of action. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;29(6):517-27. doi: 10.1002/hup.2434. Epub 2014 Sep 22. PMID: 25384672.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34438035/ Xing B, Li S, Yang J, Lin D, Feng Y, Lu J, Shao Q. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential clinical applications of saffron: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Dec 5;281:114555. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114555. Epub 2021 Aug 23. PMID: 34438035.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32056539/ Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Metse AP, Drummond PD. Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Jun 15;16(6):937-947. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8376. PMID: 32056539; PMCID: PMC7849671.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28735826/ Kell G, Rao A, Beccaria G, Clayton P, Inarejos-García AM, Prodanov M. affron® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Aug;33:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 13. PMID: 28735826.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987241/ Ghaderi A, Asbaghi O, Reiner Ž, Kolahdooz F, Amirani E, Mirzaei H, Banafshe HR, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z. The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Jan;48:102250. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102250. Epub 2019 Nov 21. PMID: 31987241.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34438361/ Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Drummond PD. An investigation into an evening intake of a saffron extract (affron®) on sleep quality, cortisol, and melatonin concentrations in adults with poor sleep: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose study. Sleep Med. 2021 Oct;86:7-18. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.001. Epub 2021 Aug 11. PMID: 34438361.
ZINK
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30772815/ Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci SB. Review: The role of zinc in the endocrine system. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan;32(1):231-239. PMID: 30772815.
- https://aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpen.2421 Dresen, E, Pimiento, JM, Patel, JJ, Heyland, DK, Rice, TW, Stoppe, C. Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2023; 47: S38-S49. doi:10.1002/jpen.2421
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29113075/ Cherasse Y, Urade Y. Dietary Zinc Acts as a Sleep Modulator. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Nov 5;18(11):2334. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112334. PMID: 29113075; PMCID: PMC5713303.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21226679/ Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Monteferrario F, Antoniello N, Manni R, Klersy C. The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Jan;59(1):82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03232.x. PMID: 21226679.
MELATONINE
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11600532/ Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Regan MM, Taylor JA, Shi JP, Leclair OU. Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4727-30. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.10.7901. PMID: 11600532.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18032103/ Dubocovich ML. Melatonin receptors: role on sleep and circadian rhythm regulation. Sleep Med. 2007 Dec;8 Suppl 3:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.007. PMID: 18032103.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8843534/ Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Morabito C, Piotrovska VR, Lynch HJ. Effects of low oral doses of melatonin, given 2-4 hours before habitual bedtime, on sleep in normal young humans. Sleep. 1996 Jun;19(5):423-31. doi: 10.1093/sleep/19.5.423. PMID: 8843534.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28503116/ Tordjman S, Chokron S, Delorme R, Charrier A, Bellissant E, Jaafari N, Fougerou C. Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017 Apr;15(3):434-443. doi: 10.2174/1570159X14666161228122115. PMID: 28503116; PMCID: PMC5405617.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24802882/ Vural EM, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE. Optimal dosages for melatonin supplementation therapy in older adults: a systematic review of current literature. Drugs Aging. 2014 Jun;31(6):441-51. doi: 10.1007/s40266-014-0178-0. PMID: 24802882.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015706/ Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. Meta-Analysis: Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary Sleep Disorders. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2018 Jan;16(1):113-118. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.16101. Epub 2018 Jan 24. PMID: 32015706; PMCID: PMC6519571.
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Op deze pagina verzamelen we de bronnen die we gebruiken bij het samenstellen van onze formules.
Denk aan peer-reviewed studies, systematische reviews en meta-analyses, aangevuld met mechanistische literatuur wanneer dat relevant is.
We proberen onze keuzes zo veel mogelijk te baseren op wetenschappelijke literatuur die past bij het doel van de formule.
Maar dat betekent niet dat elk individueel ingrediënt in gerandomiseerde onderzoeken, meta-analyses of systematische reviews een prestatie-effect heeft laten zien, of dat we altijd exact dezelfde doseringen gebruiken als in die studies.
Doseringen kunnen namelijk verschillen. Soms omdat studies andere vormen, contexten of doelgroepen gebruiken.
En mogelijk omdat de onderbouwing niet primair draait om een directe “prestatie-uitkomst”, maar om plausibele fysiologische rol: bijvoorbeeld als cofactor, bouwsteen, of ondersteunende schakel in processen die relevant zijn voor het beoogde doel.
Zie deze lijst als ons bewijsdossier: je kunt elke bron openen, nalezen en vergelijken.
Komt er nieuwe, overtuigende data bij, dan werken we de lijst bij en passen we onze onderbouwing en keuzes aan als dat beter aansluit bij de stand van de wetenschap.
Heb je een vraag over een specifieke studie of mis je een bron die relevant is? Laat het ons weten!
Neem contact op
Onderzoek@syncenutrition.nl
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Pre-workout + Shaker Bundel
Kies je optie
Complete SYNCE bundel
Kies je optie
Optimaal trainen bundel
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Pre-workout bundel
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Kracht & herstel bundel
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VEELGESTELDE VRAGEN OVER SYNCE
Wat vind je in de bronnenlijst van SYNCE sport supplementen?
Wat vind je in de bronnenlijst van SYNCE sport supplementen?
In de bronnenlijst van SYNCE sportsupplementen vind je per formule een overzicht van de wetenschappelijke bronnen die we hebben gebruikt, gesorteerd per ingrediënt. Zo kun je zien welke studies en data een rol hebben gespeeld in onze keuzes, en kun je alles zelf nalezen en vergelijken.
Hoe helpt de bronnenlijst bij het ontwikkelen van de beste mogelijke sport supplementen?
Hoe helpt de bronnenlijst bij het ontwikkelen van de beste mogelijke sport supplementen?
De bronnenlijst is ons uitgangspunt om formules te bouwen die kloppen op papier én logisch zijn in de praktijk. Door per ingrediënt de gebruikte onderzoeken te bundelen, houden we scherp welke doseringen en combinaties het best zijn onderbouwd. Tegelijk is “meest onderbouwd” niet altijd hetzelfde als “beste product”: veel studies testen één ingrediënt los, terwijl een formule in de praktijk draait om combinatie, verdraagbaarheid, gebruiksgemak en totale dosering. Komt er nieuw onderzoek dat aantoonbaar beter past bij het doel van de formule? Dan passen we onze keuzes en, waar nodig, de formule aan. Zo blijven we verbeteren op basis van de actuele stand van de wetenschap.
Hoe neem ik contact met jullie op?
Hoe neem ik contact met jullie op?
Je kunt contact opnemen met de klantenondersteuning door ons online contactformulier in te vullen of door een e-mail te sturen naar info@syncenutrition.nl. Wij reageren binnen 24-48 uur op alle vragen.